Do state religions affect entrepreneurial financing? A cross-country analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We find robust evidence that the presence of state religions reduces entrepreneurial financing in a large cross section of countries. The effect of state religions is mediated by increased aversion to risk, stricter business restrictions, lower financial development, and reduced participation in religious memberships. Religious participation increases entrepreneurial financing in countries without state religions. However, in countries with state religions, the effect of religious participation is either negative or insignificant. The reduction in financing in countries with state-sponsored religions likely comes from the institutional and cultural environments associated with the presence of state religions. • The presence of state religions reduces entrepreneurial financing. • The reduction in financing is mediated by higher risk aversion. • The reduction in financing is mediated by lower financial development and less economic freedom. • The reduction in financing is mediated by lower active participation in religious organization. • The reduction in financing could be related to institutional and cultural environments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it