Bio‐Inspired Cascade Photocatalysis on Fe Single‐Atom Carbon Nitride Upcycles Plastic Wastes for Effective Acetic Acid Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plastic imposes a critical threat to the environment, ecosystems, and human health because of the low utilization efficiency of plastics. Here, we demonstrate a sustainable, highly efficient cascade photocatalysis for upcycle plastics to value‐added acetic acid using Fe single‐atom catalysts (Fe@C 3 N 4 SAC) at ambient conditions. Inspired by Phanerochaete chrysosporium microbial, the defective Fe@C 3 N 4 SAC acts as a bifunctional cascade photocatalyst for both Fenton‐like and CO 2 reduction reactions. During the reaction, hydroxyl radicals (*OH) form and subsequently oxidize plastics into CO 2 intermediates. These CO 2 intermediates are then photo‐reduced to CH 3 COOH on the same catalyst via cascade photocatalysis. The mechanism is confirmed by in situ multimodal microscopy and spectroscopies, with density functional theory calculations. A state‐of‐art CH 3 COOH yield of 63.8 mg h −1 g cat −1 from PVC, 12.7 mg h −1 g cat −1 from PE, 5.4 mg h −1 g cat −1 from PET, and 5.3 mg h −1 g cat −1 from PP are directly obtained under AM1.5G solar irradiation and further validated under real sunlight (≈0.6 sun), achieving 5.6 mg h −1 g cat −1 from PET, using low‐cost Fe@C 3 N 4 SAC in a sealed reactor by enhancing the photon transport and utilization efficiency. The techno‐economic analysis shows it is promising to practically mitigate plastic based on broader social welfare assessments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".