<i>Timeless</i> ‐ <i>BmaaNAT</i> axis regulates temperature‐dependent diapause plasticity in the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The involvement of circadian clock genes in diapause induction has been demonstrated across various insect species, yet the downstream effector molecules mediating this process remain largely uncharacterized. In the bivoltine strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori , embryonic diapause is regulated through the perception of temperature and photoperiod cues perceived by circadian clock genes during a critical environmental‐sensitive window of maternal embryogenesis. In this study, we used a knockout mutant ( Tim −/− ) of Timeless , a core circadian clock gene, which disrupts diapause induction, as a model system. Employing label‐free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics on embryonic heads from wild‐type Dazao eggs incubated at 25°C (diapause) and 15 °C (non‐diapause), alongside Tim −/− embryos, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with diapause fate determination. Comparative analysis revealed significant downregulation of BmaaNAT ( B. mori arylalkylamine N ‐acetyltransferase) in destined diapause egg producers compared to destined non‐diapause egg producers. Dual luciferase assays confirmed direct transcriptional activation of BmaaNAT by the CLOCK/CYCLE (CLK/CYC) heterodimer binding to the fourth E‐box element of its promoter. Functional validation demonstrated that BmaaNAT knockout shortened larval duration and disturbed diapause occurrence, while overexpression extended larval development, and partially restored diapause capacity in Tim −/− mutants. This study establishes BmaaNAT as a critical effector linking circadian clock outputs to diapause regulation, uncovering a novel molecular mechanism underlying seasonal adaptation in insects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".