Settler Federalism and the Conditions of Indigenous Autonomy: A Comparative Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article examines how different federal configurations can shape Indigenous autonomy across three cases: The United States, Canada, and Australia. While federations might seem better equipped than unitary states to share sovereignty with Indigenous peoples, they often entrench settler authority by internalizing Indigenous affairs, thereby limiting Indigenous self-government. Through a comparative historical analysis, this study shows that Indigenous autonomy is enhanced when settler governments externalize Indigenous affairs—treating them as nation-to-nation relationships through treaties or constitutional agreements. The article identifies two mechanisms that support such externalization: aligning Indigenous affairs with settler powers over foreign relations and separating them from settler control over land and resources. Drawing on constitutional and jurisdictional history, the study offers a novel framework for understanding how federal systems can either constrain or support Indigenous self-determination in the US, Canada, and Australia, highlighting the promise of treaty federalism as a path toward greater Indigenous jurisdiction and autonomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".