Moving Parts: Trade Politics in High-Skill Manufacturing from CT to Guanajuato, 1994–2018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Criticism of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by pro-labor politicians and worker unions in both the United States and Mexico has been long-standing, stretching from before the deal’s inception in 1994 through well after the switch to the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in 2020. The division between corporate interests and worker interests is equally estab- lished. Yet, the contemporary animosity between U.S. and Mexican workers as a mainstream attitude is a more recent development, stoked by former Presi- dent Donald Trump’s campaign rhetoric.1 To better understand the origins of such animosity and its link to trade policy, a discussion of early disputes over NAFTA within the U.S. Senate is warranted. The dialogue that took place between proponents and opponents of the treaty sheds light on the diamet- rically conflicting analyses of trade and labor history during this watershed moment in the 1990s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".