Playing-related physical problems: a large-scale online survey of professional and amateur Japanese drummers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Musical performances are generated through bodily movements; because they involve repetitive physical actions, there is a risk of developing playing-related physical problems (PRPPs). This study aimed to investigate PRPPs among amateur and professional drummers in Japan using an online survey, focusing on the differences between the four limbs. In addition, the study sought to compare the prevalence, affected body regions, and diagnoses of PRPPs between the two groups and identify factors associated with the development of PRPPs. The questionnaire included items regarding age, sex, handedness, musical genre, performance level, practice time, experience with PRPPs, affected body regions, and medical diagnoses. Data from 868 respondents (667 amateurs and 201 professionals) were analyzed. The self-reported prevalence of PRPPs was 33.4% and 66.2% in amateurs and professional, respectively. Among amateurs, the symptoms were most frequent in the right wrist, whereas among professionals, the right lower limb was most frequently affected. Regarding diagnosis, the most frequently reported condition was tenosynovitis among amateurs (2.10 %) and musician’s dystonia among professionals (8.95%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for PRPPs included higher performance levels, more significant stress related to the use of the metronome click, perfectionism, and experience of altering playing technique. In contrast, increased stress resilience was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PRPP development. There was a significant interaction indicating that the protective effect of stress resilience weakened at higher performance levels. This study revealed that professional drummers exhibited a higher prevalence of PRPPs than did amateurs, with distinct patterns of affected regions and diagnoses. Additionally, the performance level, psychological factors, and playing environment may contribute to these problems. This study may provide evidence for the revision of practice and performance methods for injury prevention tailored to each performance level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".