South Korea's network media economy: Growth, concentration and upheaval, 2010–2022
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the growth and structural transformation of South Korea's network media economy from 2010 to 2022 as part of the Global Media and Internet Concentration Project. Using CR4 and Herfindahl–Hirschman Index measures, it analyzes revenue trends and market concentration across telecommunications, media services, and core internet sectors. Despite overall industry growth, concentration levels declined due to the rapid expansion of digital cultural industries. However, oligopolistic control persists in the telecoms sector, while global platforms and major domestic players are increasing their influence in online media services. As a result, Korea's media economy has become increasingly dualized, characterized by concentrated infrastructure sectors alongside diversified media services. The article highlights that rapid industrial expansion does not necessarily ensure the decentralization of market power, and it calls for critical perspectives on market concentration and industrial restructuring in the digital age.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it