Suppressing H-transfer in Tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) for Stable Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Oxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) (TDMASn) is a common precursor for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of tin oxide (SnOx) thin films, yet suffers from thermal and photochemical degradation that limits its shelf-life and film quality. Here we quantify TDMASn degradation kinetics and introduce its stabilization strategy through donor-acceptor interactions. We show that while a strong Lewis base stabilizes TDMASn, it forms persistent adducts that alter its chemistry and ALD behavior. In contrast, weakly coordinating Sb(III) additives, particularly triphenyl antimony (Ph3Sb), suppress both thermal and photodegradation of TDMASn without affecting its deposition. Tris(dimethylamino)antimony (TDMASb) also partially stabilizes TDMASn, but co-deposits into the SnOx films. Perovskite solar cells using ALD-SnOx derived from TDMASn/Ph3Sb achieve 24.5% sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency, while those from TDMASn/TDMASb – barely 11.9%. This work provides a general approach to stabilize sensitive metal-organic precursors, preserving their reactivity while enabling high-performance ALD films and functional devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".