seneR: An R package for comprehensive senescence assessment and its application in type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Cellular senescence is a key driver of aging and chronic diseases. However, accurately identifying senescent cells is challenging due to limitations of conventional biomarkers and senescence heterogeneity. Transcriptome-wide analyses offer powerful tools for deciphering cellular states. Yet, there is a critical gap in computational frameworks for senescence assessment from transcriptomic data. Methods: We developed the seneR package, which includes functions such as calculating senescence identity scores (SID scores), assessing senescence-related phenotypes, and plotting senescence trajectories, and provides an interactive Shiny interface. We applied seneR to transcriptome datasets from human islets and chondrocytes to investigate the role of senescence in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and osteoarthritis (OA). Additionally, in vitro validation confirmed phentolamine (PM)'s potential to delay chondrocyte senescence. Results: seneR accurately identified senescent cells and revealed senescence-related phenotypes in transcriptome datasets. In T2D, SID scores were significantly higher in elderly islets. Senescent islet cells exhibited diminished responsiveness to nutrient stimuli, linking senescence to impaired insulin secretion. In OA, seneR identified SLPI as a molecule strongly associated with chondrocyte senescence, with PM treatment reducing SID scores. Trajectory analysis revealed chondrocyte senescence progression and potential therapeutic targets. In vitro experiments, PM reversed both IL-1β- and H₂O₂-induced chondrocyte senescence. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that seneR is a valuable tool for assessing cellular senescence from transcriptomic data, revealing key phenotypes and potential therapeutic targets in T2D and OA. The identification of SLPI as a senescence-associated molecule and the therapeutic potential of PM highlights the utility of our approach in understanding senescence-related diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.083 | 0.037 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".