A Novel Whittle Index-Based Scheduling for Age of Information Minimization in IoT Networks
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol has become a widely adopted standard in IoT systems due to its lightweight and energy-efficient publish/subscribe architecture. However, ensuring timely data delivery remains a challenge, especially for applications requiring fresh information. In this paper, we address this issue by integrating the Age of Information (AoI) metric into the MQTT framework. We formulate the MQTT-AoI optimization problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and propose a novel Whittle index-based scheduling policy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively minimizes AoI while satisfying resource constraints. Furthermore, we show that the dual variable converge, ensuring the algorithm reaches a feasible solution under the hard constraints. This work provides a practical solution for managing information freshness in MQTT-based IoT networks.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it