Handgrip Strength Asymmetry in Middle-aged and Older Adults: Clinical Aspects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Identifying early markers of neurodegeneration remains a key challenge. Recent studies (Zammit AR, 2021; Chen Z. et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) suggest an association between handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and cognitive decline. This study explores clinical characteristics of HGS asymmetry in middle-aged and elderly patients. Methods: Ninety patients (mean age 63.7±1.2 years; 58.9% men) were enrolled. Inclusion criteria: age >45, preserved hand function. HGS was measured using a KERN MAP 130K1 dynamometer. Asymmetry coefficient was defined as the ratio of non-dominant to dominant hand strength; values <0.9 or >1.1 indicated asymmetry. Cognitive function was assessed via the MoCA test; anxiety and depression via the HADS scale. Results: Mean HGS: dominant hand – 28.5±1.8 kg, non-dominant – 25.9±1.3 kg. HGS asymmetry was found in 54.4% of patients (dominant hand – 38 cases; non-dominant – 11). MoCA scores were lower in the asymmetry group (22.8±0.6) vs. the non-asymmetry group (24.8±0.4; p<0.05). Significant declines were observed in visuoconstructive skills (1.67±0.24 vs 2.58±0.30) and memory (1.61±0.39 vs 2.11±0.40). MoCA negatively correlated with age (r = -0.39) and anxiety (r = -0.32). In the asymmetry group, strong correlations were found between gender and muscle strength (r = -0.70), and between muscle strength and MoCA scores (r = 0.34). Conclusion: HGS asymmetry was present in over half of patients and was associated with lower cognitive scores. The asymmetry coefficient may serve as a clinical marker of early cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".