Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sin lugar a duda, uno de los elementos que más ha frenado el desarrollo de las naciones pobres en los últimos tiempos, ha sido el alto grado de endeudamiento que las economías de dichas naciones han alcanzado en virtud del desequilibrio permanente que impera en sus finanzas, el cual no es más que una secuela de la vigencia de un modelo económico que no les permite a estos países siquiera satisfacer los requerimientos de consumo de sus habitantes, casi siempre numerosos y, menos, generar un excedente para el ahorro, cuya cuantía les permita alcanzar siquiera un crecimiento mínimo de la renta individual. De aquí el constante aumento periódico del pasivo externo en la totalidad de los países pobres de la tierra. Pero la gravedad del problema de la deuda solo afloró por allá en el año 1982, cuando la crisis golpeara fuertemente a la economía de México, país que al dar el grito de alarma, concitara alrededor de la discusión del tema, la voluntad de los gobiernos de los países en desarrollo, muy especialmente la de los pueblos latinoamericanos.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.080 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".