Evaluation of Scab (Venturia inaequalis) Severity on 54 Cultivars ofApple in an Unsprayed Common Planting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seventy apple ( Malus× domesticaBorkh.) genotypes were evaluated in a common planting to identify clones with partial resistance to apple scab [ Venturia in aequalis(Cke.) Wint.] that could be used in a durable scab resistance breeding program. Fifty-four cultivars and 14 breeding selections of cultivated apple, and one clone each of Malus floribundaand Malus sikkimensiswere evaluated. Two to ten replicate trees per genotype were propagated on dwarf rootstocks and planted into raised beds covered with black plastic at Agassiz, BC, Canada, a site with severe annual scab epidemics. No fungicides were applied. Field resistance to natural scab infection was rated on a 0 to 5 scale for each plant for three consecutive years. Scab-susceptible standards such as 'Delicious', 'Mclntosh', 'Royal Gala' and 'Idared' had severe annual infection. Genotypes carrying V fV mor V rscab resistance genes were free of leaf and fruit scab, as was Malus floribunda821, indicating that scab races 5, 6 and 7 were absent from the plot. 'Regine', 'Rebella', 'Resi', 'Rewena' were notable for the absence of all visible leaf disease symptoms. Among cultivars with presumed polygenic resistance, 'Akane', 'Anis Aily', 'Antonovka', 'Bramley's Seedling', 'Chehalis', 'Discovery', 'Generos', 'Golden Reinette', 'Golden Russett', 'MargiF, 'Peypring Cerueuko' and 'Wolf River' were free of sporulating scab every year. 'Frumos de Voinesti', 'Lord Lambourne', 'Spartan', 'Gravenstein' and 'Lodi' were less susceptible than 'Mclntosh', but some trees had moderate to high infection (ratings 3 to 4) in some years. 'Goldgelbe' and 'Gladstone' initially appeared resistant, but became infected in the third year, and may not have durable resistance. Summerland apple introductions 'Sinta', 'Stirling', 'Silken', 'Chinook', '8S6923' (Aurora Golden Gala™), and advanced selection BC 8S-26-50 were highly susceptible to scab, 'Creston' was moderately susceptible, and 'Golden Sentinel' and 'Scarlett Sentinel' were resistant. Several breeding selections of 'Akane' × 'Discovery' parentage originally selected for their fruit quality also appeared to be resistant to scab.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".