Circumpolar phylogeography of Vaccinium uliginosum inferred from cpDNA sequences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The origin of the arctic flora and the localisation of glacial refugia and postglacial migration routes have been debated for more than 100 years. In this project, we use cpDNA data to infer the phylogeography of Vaccinium uliginosum L ., of which three subspecies have been described: the circumpolar diploid ssp. microphyllum the , circumpolar/circumboreal-lowland tetraploid ssp . uliginosum, and ssp. alpinum, which has been recorded from southern mountains as well as subarctic areas. We have so far sequenced two non-coding cpDNA regions from 67 populations, which revealed 20 polymorphic sites combining into 12 haplotypes. The data were analysed using maximum parsimony. One arctic haplotype was extremely widespread, occurring from Alaska through arctic Canada, Greenland, Svalbard, and northernmost Norway to the Ural Mts. in Russia. This haplotype was closely related to other arctic haplotypes, as well as to haplotypes only found in the Alps and the Pyrenees. Another haplotype was found all over Scandinavia, Scotland, Iceland, and SE Greenland, with a closely related haplotype in Canada (Newfoundland). The latter two haplotypes correspond well with the distribution of the tetraploid ssp. uliginosum, which probably has evolved from arctic-alpine ancestors. Possible refugia areas and migration routes are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".