Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erigeron canadensis is a fast-growing, annual or short-lived perennial herb growing from a fibrous root system, with slender stems that are typically 30 to 150 tall, erect, branched, and often sparsely hairy to nearly glabrous. Leaves are alternate, narrowly lanceolate to linear, measuring 2 to 10 cm long and 0.5 to 1.5 cm wide, with short petioles or sessile bases and finely serrate to entire margins. Flowering occurs from late summer to fall (July–October), producing open, branching panicles of numerous small flower heads . Each flower head is about 1–2 cm across, with 40–100 white to pale lavender ray florets, 2 to 4 mm long, surrounding yellow disc florets. Flowers are bisexual, with five-lobed corollas, 5 stamens fused by their anthers into a tube surrounding the style, and a single pistil with a slender style bifurcated at the tip into two slender, elongated stigmatic branches. The involucre is composed of several series (3 to 4 rows) of narrow, greenish to pale bracts (phyllaries) that are lanceolate and often slightly membranous with finely fringed or ciliate margins, forming a cup-shaped structure surrounding the base of the composite flower head. The fruit is a small, ribbed achene about 1 to 2 millimeters long with a pappus of fine bristles aiding wind dispersal. Seeds mature in early fall. Canadian horseweed is native to North America and widespread throughout South Dakota, commonly found in disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, and open areas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".