Organizações comunitárias de prestação de serviço de água em Villavicencio (Colômbia) : repercussões, desafios e propostas para o fornecimento de água nas cidades
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research analyzes community water supply organizations, their effects (symbolic, political and technical), as well as possibilities of articulation and complementarity with public management. For this purpose, three community water service organizations were selected in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia. Located where the eastern mountain range of the Colombian Andes meets the region known as Llanos Orientales, in the center of the country, Villavicencio has 531,275 inhabitants and has undergone strong urban and socioeconomic transformations in the last twenty years. The main provider of water supply services in the city is the Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Villavicencio (EAAV), a public company that has been criticized for various technical and administrative deficiencies, such as extended service cuts. In this context, a multiplicity of private and community providers have emerged in the urban area, challenging the idea that the universal and industrial water distribution model is a natural monopoly and the only - and ideal - way for water supply in the cities. Through an action research methodology, this work, carried out between 2017 and 2022, employed various qualitative methodological procedures such as participant observation, semi-structured interviews, community censuses and participatory workshops. Guided by the political ecology approach, the "commons" perspective of the Theory of Collective Action (Ostrom, 2011), and Dardot and Laval's (2010, 2015) arguments about "the common" as a political process, this research raises three main considerations. First, it questions the technical relevance and social effects of the "big system" of water infrastructure networks. Second, although community water organizations also present conflicts and difficulties, they can be recognized as a flexible and more democratic supply model, where community organizations have also given rise to broader social movements that question the principles - normative and ideological - that underpin the water services management in Colombia. Third, and as a general proposal of this research, it suggests the possibility of articulating public action with community water supply strategies at a local scale, forging new paradigms of water service management that are more democratic, more sustainable and more relevant to the reality of the cities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".