Ventricle Enlargement is Negatively Correlated with Aβ38 in human CSF
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily consist of Aβ42, while Aβ38 is a shorter isoform cleaved from Aβ42. Higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ38 levels have been linked to slower cognitive decline and a reduced risk of developing AD dementia. Ventricular enlargement, a CSF‐related abnormality in AD, is characterized by changes in lateral ventricle volume (LVV) and choroid plexus volume (CPV). This enlargement is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline, highlighting its relevance as a marker of disease progression. Method A total of 204 individuals from the TRIAD cohort were analyzed including, 133 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 34 mild cognitive impaired (MCI) due to AD, and 37 AD dementia individuals. Aβ‐PET SUVR determined Aβ positivity. The levels of CSF Aβ38 and 42 were quantified by a novel nucleic acid linked immuno‐sandwich assay (NULISA). LVV and CPV in native space for each MRI were obtained using FreeSurfer (version 7.4.1). Spearman's correlation assessed the relationships between the levels of CSF Aβ38 and lateral ventricle volume, choroid plexus volume, and CSF Aβ42. Mann‐Whitney U test compared the levels of CSF Aβ38, LVV, and CPV across diagnostic group. Result CSF Aβ38 levels were significantly lower in Aβ‐positive individuals compared to Aβ‐negative individuals ( p < 0.05, Figure 1a). LVV and CPV were significantly increased in Aβ‐positive individuals ( p < 0.05, Figure 1b and 1c). CSF Aβ38 levels were positively correlated with CSF Aβ42 levels (Spearman's rho = 0.52, p < 0.001; Figure 2a). CSF Aβ38 levels were negatively correlated with LVV (Spearman's rho = ‐0.36, p < 0.001; Figure 2b) and CPV (Spearman's rho = ‐0.42, p < 0.001; Figure 2c). Conclusion The positive correlation between CSF Aβ38 and Aβ42 levels suggests a metabolic link at the molecular level, either through γ‐secretase cleavages or BACE1‐mediated degradation. The distinct pattern of Aβ38, LVV, and CPV in Aβ‐positive and Aβ‐negative groups suggests these biomarkers are linked with AD. This correlation indicates that the Aβ38/42 ratio could serve as a biomarker for enzymatic Aβ clearance. Finally, the negative correlation between CSF Aβ38 and LVV and CPV indicated that the macro‐CSF production is linked with Aβ clearance at micro level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".