The Effectiveness of the Mulligan Concept Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide Method in Patients with Non-specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blinded Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Mulligan concept cervical sustained natural apoph yseal glide (SNAG) mobilization method in people with non-specific neck pain (NSNP). Methods: The study was conducted with 32 patients aged 18-50 years. The patients were divided randomly into the study (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. A total of 15 treatment sessions were applied to both groups. Joint range of motion (ROM) was evaluated with a universal goniometer, pain assessments with the short-form McGill questionnaire, functionality with the Neck Disability Index, quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile scale, and sleep levels with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: Significant differences were detected in the measurement of ROM, pain, and neck disability severity before and after treatment in both the study and control groups (P < .05). Although no significant differences were detected in sleep quality and quality of life scores in the study group before and after treatment (P > .05), significant differences were detected in the control group (P < .05). After treatment, no differences were detected between the 2 groups in terms of ROM, pain, the severity of neck disability, sleep quality, and quality of life (P > .05). Conclusion: The SNAG method was found to be effective in improving cervical ROM, reducing pain, and disability. This study highlights the clinical relevance of the SNAG method as a safe and effective manual therapy technique for improving cervical mobility and reducing pain in individuals with NSNP. *CTN: NCT05425706 Cite this article as: Korkem Yorulmaz D, Çelik M, Yıldırım Şahan T, Aytar A, Dürüstkan Elbaşı N, Birbir B. The effectiveness of the Mulligan concept sustained natural apophyseal glide method in patients with non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled single-blinded trial. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0202, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25202.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".