Proteínas podocitárias como biomarcadores urinários de lesão glomerular em estágio inicial: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of podocyte proteins as urinary biomarkers may be a promising noninvasive tool to detect glomerular injury at an early stage. After podocyte injury, the appearance of podocyte proteins in urine may identify glomerular injury before the onset of albuminuria. Early detection may contribute to the adoption of timely treatment, delaying or reducing disease progression. The objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on the use of podocyte proteins as urinary biomarkers of glomerular injury at an early stage. A protocol was developed and published in PROSPERO (CRD42021265630). A systematic review was performed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was performed for articles published until April 2024 in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, without language restrictions. The clinical question was formulated according to the Population, Index Tests, Reference Test, Diagnostic (PIRD) strategy, and observational case-control studies were included according to the eligibility criteria. Study selection was performed independently by three authors who extracted data using a standardized form developed and validated by the authors. Life-threatening risk was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The R CORE TEAM, 2020 software was used for quantitative synthesis. The search strategy retrieved 3,476 studies, of which 20 were read in the integration phase and 8 were included in the review. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used. Two studies presented low risk of bias and the other six presented moderate risk. The certainty of evidence for early-stage glomerular injury was considered low for podocin and very low for nephrin and podocalyxin. In conclusion, the studies developed individually demonstrate the potential of the proteins nephrin, podocin and podocalyxin in the diagnosis of glomerular injury in normoalbuminuric groups, allowing identification in the early stage of the disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.047 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.017 | 0.023 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".