A lança de Aquiles e a opinião pública nos jornais do Rio de Janeiro (1875-1889): The spear of Achilles and public opinion in the newspapers of Rio de Janeiro (1875-1889)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article investigates how the term "public opinion" was used in newspapers in the last quarter of the 19th century. Its use was recurrent in the press of Rio de Janeiro, being important as justification and authenticity of criticisms, defenses of events, in the political and economic option. The methodology used in this research is the "history of concepts", defended by Koselleck, in which he defines that the concept brings together the diversity of historical experience, as well as the sum of theoretical objective characteristics. We will use the time frame from 1875 to 1889. The first year marks the appearance of the Gazeta de Notícias newspaper, an advocate of the "neutral press", the most important leaf of the last quarter of the 19th century. The second year marks the change in the way of government in Brazil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".