O Direito Internacional Ambiental e a economia dos combustíveis fósseis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
O Direito Internacional Ambiental, mais do que os outros sub-ramos do Direito Internacional Público, é usualmente visto como parte do soft law, ou seja, daquele conjunto de normas de caráter recomendatório. Críticas asseveram que a falta de sanções genuínas pela inobservância de instrumentos vinculantes dificulta a transição do modelo energético atual para outro que seja sustentável. Este artigo apresenta peculiaridades do regime energético global contemporâneo, bem como esforços adotados para superar as externalidades negativas ocasionadas, e analisa as diligências adotadas pelo Protocolo de Montreal para proteger a camada de ozônio, uma vez que foi tratado relativamente exitoso. O método de pesquisa é a análise bibliográfica qualitativa. Palavras-chave: direito internacional ambiental; combustíveis fósseis; transição energética. Abstract The field of international environmental law, more than any other part of international public law, is typically associated with soft law, a set of rules that are not legally binding. Some critics contend that the absence of genuine sanctions for non-compliance with legally binding regulations hinders the transition from the present energy model to a more sustainable one. This paper presents the peculiarities of the current global energy model and the efforts made to overcome the resulting negative effects, analyzing the process of the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer as a successful initiative. The research methodology is a qualitative bibliographic analysis. Keywords: international environmental law; fossil fuels; energy transition. Resumen El derecho internacional ambiental, más que las otras subramas del derecho internacional público, es usualmente visto como parte del soft law, o sea, de aquel conjunto de normas de carácter recomendatorio. Críticas aseveran que la falta de sanciones genuinas por el incumplimiento de instrumentos vinculantes dificulta la transición del modelo energético actual para otro que sea sostenible. Este artículo presenta peculiaridades del régimen energético global contemporáneo, así como esfuerzos adoptados para superar las externalidades negativas ocasionadas. Analiza las diligencias adoptadas por el Protocolo de Montreal para proteger la capa de ozono, una vez que fue tratado relativamente exitoso. El método de investigación es el análisis bibliográfico cualitativo. Palabras clave: derecho internacional ambiental; combustibles fósiles; transición energética.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".