Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement: Recommendations on the use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults, including Pneu-C-21.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pneumococcal disease in adults includes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), an acute and serious communicable disease with manifestations such as meningitis, bacteremia and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. There are more than 100 different serotypes, and the extent of protection provided by a pneumococcal vaccine depends on the vaccine formulation. In July 2024, Health Canada authorized a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Pneu-C-21), which followed the recent introduction of a 20-valent vaccine (Pneu-C-20) authorized in 2022. Methods: The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) reviewed evidence on the epidemiology of IPD in Canada, immunogenicity and safety of Pneu-C-21, and the cost-effectiveness of different pneumococcal vaccines in adult immunization programs. NACI has also considered additional factors, including ethics, equity, feasibility, and acceptability (EEFA). Results: Differences in the distribution of serotypes causing IPD have been observed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pneu-C-21 demonstrated comparable immunogenicity to Pneu-C-20 for shared serotypes and higher responses for unique serotypes. The safety profiles of both vaccines are expected to be similar to other pneumococcal vaccines, and the cost-effectiveness of Pneu-C-21 and Pneu-C-20 will depend on regional serotype distribution. The overall impact of Pneu-C-21 compared to Pneu-C-20 is uncertain, but likely to vary over time with age, risk factors, and geography. Conclusion: NACI now recommends including at least one of Pneu-C-20 or Pneu-C-21 in adult pneumococcal immunization programs. One dose should be given to adults 65 years and older and those 18 to under 65 years at increased IPD risk, regardless of previous pneumococcal vaccination history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.027 | 0.064 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".