Wood Anatomical Data from White Spruce (1950 -1999); Twisted Tree Heartrot Hill (TTHH); Yukon, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite a lack of cold extremes during the current warm period (~1850 CE - present), records from tree rings in northwestern North America indicate that the summer of 1959 was uniquely cold relative to the last several centuries. In this study, we assessed the specific timing, magnitude, and spatial signature of this cold event using climate reanalysis data, a network of existing tree-ring records, and newly-developed wood anatomical data. Thin sections were produced from white spruce trees that were sampled in Yukon, Canada in the year 2000, and wood anatomical properties were analyzed using the software ROXAS (data herein). We found a particularly reduced cell wall thickness in the outer sector of the 1959 ring relative to other years, indicating that a major cold event happened in the late summer of 1959. Climate reanalysis data indicates a significant yet brief cold period spanning late July to early August likely contributed to an early cessation of cell wall thickening in that year. These results have important implications for the climatic interpretation of regional wood anatomical records. Please refer to Leland et al. (2025) for additional details: Leland, C., Davi, N., D’Arrigo, R., Andreu-Hayles, L., Pacheco-Solana, A., Edwards, J., Anchukaitis, K.J., Porter, T.J., Pisaric, M.F., Mant, M. and Galloway, T., 2025. Tree-ring evidence of the elusive 1959 summer cold event in northwestern North America. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 57(1), p.2445945.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".