Entre imagem e veículo simbólico: revisitação aos álbuns fotográficos da ferrovia portuguesa de finais de Oitocentos e inícios de Novecentos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the second half of the 19th century, two technologies were implemented in Portugal: photography and railways. In this article, I analyze the interactions between them in eight photographic albums portraying the construction, operation, and various aspects of Portuguese railways built between 1872 and 1914: Minho, Douro, Beira Alta (two albums), Tua, Salamanca to the Portuguese border, North (construction of the Maria Pia bridge) and Vouga. Drawing from the bibliography on railway photography, I revisit some of its conclusions and add reflections on photography as an instrument of territorial appropriation and creation of landscapes, as well as on its material dimension, as a vehicle that transports ideology, representations, and places. I contribute to the debate on the use of photography as a primary source (and not just as an illustrative accessory) and to a call for greater use of this source in historiographical analysis, especially in the field of transport history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".