Dynamic changes in serum oestrogen levels and their association with cognitive function in patients with first perimenopausal depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the dynamic changes of serum oestrogen levels in patients with first⁃episode perimenopausal depression （PMD） and their correlation with cognitive function.Methods127 patients with first⁃episode PMD who visited Shanxi Fenyang Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected to be included in the PMD group，and 200 perimenopausal women who underwent a physical examination at our hospital during the same period were selected to be included in the control group.General information was collected and levels of sex hormones （oestrone （E1），oestradiol（E2），serum prolactin （PRL）），follicle⁃stimulating hormone （FSH），and luteinising hormone （LH），and norepinephrine （NE），dopamine （DA），brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF），and 5⁃hydroxytryptophan （5⁃HT） were measured in both groups at the time of visit；sex hormone and neurotransmitter levels were measured at different time points （at the time of consultation，3 months，6 months and 12 months after consultation） and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale（MoCA） in the PMD group；sex hormone and neurotransmitter levels were analysed in relation to cognitive function using pearson's correlation；and risk factors affecting PMD were analysed using either unifactorial or multifactorial logistic regression equations；patients were divided into a cognitively impaired group （n=94） and a cognitively normal group （n=33） based on their MoCA scores at 12 months after the consultation，and clinical data and serological indices were compared between the two groups； the risk factors analysed using multifactorial logistic regression modelling.ResultsThe levels of E1，E2，NE，DA，BDNF，and 5⁃HT in the PMD group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）；and the levels of PRL，FSH，and LH in the women in the PMD group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）.With the increase of time，the levels of E1，E2，NE，DA，BDNF，and 5⁃HT in PMD patients showed a trend of gradual decrease，and there was a significant difference in the comparison between time points （P<0.05）；with the increase of time， the levels of PRL，FSH，and LH in patients in the PMD group showed a trend of gradual increase，and there was a significant difference in the comparison between time points （P<0.05）.After gradual exclusion of confounders with covariance，there was still an independent correlation between hormone indicators and the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with PMD （all P<0.001）.ConclusionDifferent levels of sex hormones and neurotransmitter factors all affect the occurrence of PMD，and there is a certain correlation between the level of cognitive functioning and sex hormones and neurotransmitter factors of perimenopausal women. Sex hormone dynamic level monitoring can be carried out on perimenopausal women in order to intervene in PMD at an earlier stage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".