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Organization of Russian grain exports in 2020–2024

2025· article· en· W7125372678 on OpenAlex
Evgeniy Kilimnik

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueRussian Journal of Management · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicAgricultural Development and Policies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRussian federationChinaPosition (finance)Quarter (Canadian coin)AgricultureGeopoliticsWorld marketPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The purpose of the analysis presented in the article is to study the dynam-ics of export deliveries of Russian wheat abroad in 2020-2024, to identify and assess the ongoing political and economic changes, and their possible impact on the domestic market and global food stability. General scientific approaches were used as the methodological basis of the study: analysis, comparison and generalization of data related to export changes in Russian grain supplies in the period from 2020 to 2024, as well as the study of available statistical information on the activities of leading grain companies in Russia engaged in foreign trade activities. It was established that in the 2023-2024 agricultural year, grain exports abroad from Russia reached 55.5 million tons, which gave it a quarter of the world wheat market. At the same time, according to expert forecasts, in the up-coming 2024-2025 marketing season, export volumes may decrease to 48 million tons, and the country's share in global trade will decrease to 22.5%. It was re-vealed: recently, there has been a reduction in the list of countries buying Russian wheat, but export volumes have increased significantly to some countries, espe-cially to the BRICS countries, including Brazil, China and Saudi Arabia, which maintained the leading position of the Russian Federation in the world market in 2024 (second place in grain sales). It was determined: in 2021-2022, the number of exporters to the Russian Federation decreased to 230 grain traders, mainly due to the geopolitical situation. But already in the 2022-2023 season, their growth to 266 exporting companies was recorded.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.484
Threshold uncertainty score0.403

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.196
Teacher spread0.191 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it