Controls of shale gas enrichment and high yield in the lower Cambrian Niutitang shale of the Yichang area, southern China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The overmature lower Cambrian Niutitang shale in southern China is considered a promising shale play. Drilling results have often fallen short, however, with limited industrial gas flow confined primarily to the Sichuan Basin. This study investigates the recent shale gas breakthroughs in the Yichang area, located outside the basin. Gas generation potential, storage capacity, preservation conditions, and the impact of advanced engineering techniques are comprehensively examined. The euxinic-anoxic conditions and high primary paleoproductivity foster organic-rich shale formation, with the high total organic matter content of the shale (average: 4.66%) reflecting its rich material base. The abundance of siliceous organisms has contributed to the development of biogenic quartz, making siliceous-rich shale the dominant lithology. The high organic matter (OM) content, coupled with the microcrystalline quartz framework, ensures well-developed OM pores, with a porosity of 1.92% to 4.01% (average: 3.24%) and a pore volume of 10.9 × 10−3 to 31.9 × 10−3 cm3/g (average: 22.2 × 10−3 cm3/g). Despite posthydrocarbon generation tectonic influences, the sealing capacity of the shale system remains robust. Highly diffusible free gas may also dissipate significantly during long-term uplift. As a result, present-day shales are low in formation pressure and dominated by adsorbed gas. High-yield gas flow can still be achieved by using a combination of membrane nitrogen gas lift and electric submersible pump. This study highlights the potential for ancient shale accumulation in complex tectonic regions and provides valuable insights for developing low-pressure shale gas reservoirs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".