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Record W7126110117 · doi:10.5281/hra.v3i2.6464

Roles and Challenges of Community Health Workers in Epidemiological Surveillance: A Qualitative Study in Cameroon

2025· article· fr· W7126110117 on OpenAlexaff
Chanceline Bilounga Ndongo, Linda Esso, Danièle Sandra Yopa, Armelle Viviane Ngomba, Nestor Atangana Onana, Boris Kompguep, Loïc Tchoupo, Gbètogo Maxime Kiki, Jules Léon Owona Manga, Georges Nguefack-Tsaque, Georges Alain Etoundi

Bibliographic record

VenueDOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2025
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldMedicine
TopicViral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Canadian institutionsCentre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDistrustQualitative researchCommunity health workersPublic healthFocus groupCommunity healthHealth care

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Introduction. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are key community and health system liasons. Their closeness and acceptance by their community give them an important role to play concerning early detection in community-based surveillance (CBS). To sort out the role, strengths, and challenges of CHWs in their epidemiologic surveillance activities since the implementation of CBS in Cameroon, an evaluation has been conducted in 2023. Methodology. This exploratory qualitative study was based on semi-structured interviews with CHWs who are involved in surveillance activities in each of the ten regions of Cameroon. Twenty CHWs were recruited through a purpose sampling. Results. The CHWs reported engaged in many roles such as health promotion, detection and notification of suspected cases or signals which can lead to a public health event, response to outbreaks, community awareness and community engagement. Their integration in the community, the love for their community were highlighted as important factors of their activities. Nevertheless, they faced some challenges such as absence of legal mandate, distrust of the community, exposition to public health threats and lack of resources. They proposed to focus on improvement of their status and financial incentives, recruitment of more CHWs for representative purpose, and providing trainings, personal protective equipment and documentation to enhance their skills to successfully address these challenges. Conclusion. Findings in this study, support that CHWs contribute not only to the primary health care process but also to public health surveillance. However, they encountered some difficulties in undertaking confidently their activities. Legal mandate, sustainable resources and capacity building are needed to strengthen CBS. RÉSUMÉ Introduction. Les agents de santé communautaire (ASC) jouent un rôle clé en tant qu'intermédiaires entre la communauté et le système de santé. Leur proximité et l'acceptation dont ils bénéficient au sein de leur communauté leur confèrent un rôle important dans la détection précoce dans le cadre de la surveillance communautaire (SC). Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle, les forces et les défis des ASC dans leurs activités de surveillance épidémiologique depuis la mise en place de la SC au Cameroun, une évaluation a été réalisée en 2023. Méthodologie. Cette étude qualitative exploratoire s’est basée sur des entretiens semi-structurés avec des ASC impliqués dans les activités de surveillance dans chacune des dix régions du Cameroun. Vingt ASC ont été recrutés par un échantillonnage raisonné. Résultats. Les ASC ont rapporté plusieurs rôles dans lesquels ils sont impliqués, tels que la promotion de la santé, la détection et la notification de cas suspects ou de signaux pouvant mener à un événement de santé publique, la réponse aux épidémies, la sensibilisation de la communauté et l'engagement communautaire. Leur intégration au sein de la communauté et l'amour qu'ils portent à celle-ci ont été soulignés comme des facteurs importants dans l'accomplissement de leurs activités. Cependant, ils ont également rencontré certains défis tels que l'absence de mandat légal, la méfiance de la communauté, l'exposition aux menaces pour la santé publique et le manque de ressources. Les ASC ont proposé plusieurs solutions, notamment l’amélioration de leur statut et de leurs incitations financières, le recrutement de davantage d’ASC pour une meilleure représentation, ainsi que la fourniture de formations, de matériel de protection individuelle et de documentation afin de renforcer leurs compétences et relever ces défis avec succès. Conclusion. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les ASC contribuent non seulement à la prise en charge de la santé primaire, mais également à la surveillance en santé publique. Toutefois, ils rencontrent des difficultés à réaliser leurs activités de manière confiante. Un mandat légal, des ressources durables et le renforcement des capacités sont nécessaires pour consolider la surveillance communautaire (SC).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.011
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.010
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.024
Threshold uncertainty score0.060

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0110.010
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0120.007
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0020.004
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.540
GPT teacher head0.675
Teacher spread0.135 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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