Design and Deployment of a Hybrid Solar-Battery System for Efficient Energy Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The global demand for energy and the price of electricity are on the rise, while conventional energy sources are being depleted at an accelerated pace, thereby raising significant environmental concerns such as global warming and fluctuations in temperature. Moreover, the innovative practice of providing electric vehicles’ retired batteries as a storage solution, commonly referred to as second-life batteries storage system. The primary aim of this study is to undertake a techno-economic-environmental feasibility assessment of a grid-connected campus building that incorporates a solar photovoltaic (PV) system and second-life battery storage within a campus microgrid, utilizing HOMER Pro software. In particular, we will employ this software to analyze the net present cost, cost of energy, operational cost and greenhouse gases emission associated with the system. This research aspires to provide valuable insights and guidance to decision-makers who are exploring alternatives for energy production and infrastructure that are technically, economically, and environmentally sustainable, thereby supporting sustainable operations in both residential and commercial buildings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".