Efficacy of intra-articular injection of Steroid plus High Molecular Weight Hyaluronate in Primary Osteoarthritis of the Knee in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Knee primary osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease creating pain and stiffness, and disability among elderly people. Non-surgical therapies can be effective in offering partial disease-modifying and unpredictable symptomatic relief. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of intra-articular steroid with high molecular weight hyaluronate in the reduction of pain and patient-reported outcomes. Methods The proposed interventional study was an 18-month prospective study in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at IPGME & R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to recruit fifty patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. A single intra-articular injection of steroid and high molecular weight hyaluronate was administered to all the patients. Pain was measured by the use of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale, and overall well-being was measured by the Patient Global Assessment scale. At the baseline, six weeks, and twelve weeks, the evaluations were conducted. The Tukey multiple comparison test was conducted as a statistical test. Results Both the WOMAC pain scores and Patient Global Assessment scores were significantly different at six weeks and twelve weeks versus the baseline. The data on the mean differences showed a clinically significant decrease in pain and better patient-reported outcomes. Nonetheless, no significant increase in the interval between six and twelve weeks was observed, indicating that most improvement in symptoms took place during the first six weeks, and beyond was not significant. Conclusions Intraarticular injection of steroid plus HMWH in primary OA knee is effective in terms of reduction of pain in the WOMAC scale and reduction of Patients Global Assessment scale, and negligible adverse effect occurs in this regimen. Recommendation Future multi-center randomized controlled trials with a larger sample and longer follow-up should verify these results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".