Reduction of wildland-urban-interface fire risk in Kelowna, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the trajectory of wildland-urban-interface (WUI) fire risk over the period 2004-15 in two neighbourhoods of Kelowna BC, and evaluates progress in risk reduction following the disastrous Okanagan Mountain fire of 2003. Results show that WUI fire risk is increasing, partly because of an increase in wildfires but mostly because of rapid residential expansion into WUI areas. Recommendations by the provincial government to reduce the WUI fire risk in Kelowna following the 2003 and earlier WUI fire disasters in the province have been only partially implemented. Instead, emphasis is being placed on largely voluntary measures bythe development industry and individual homeowners to reduce risk. To halt the increase in risk, such voluntary measures need to be blended with strategies such as mandatory use of less combustible building materials in new construction, land-use and roadway planning focused on fire risk reduction, and mandatory programs to reduce ignitability in older neighbourhoods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".