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Record W7127141766 · doi:10.1097/paf.0000000000001089

Ruptured Infantile Meningeal Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistula Mimicking Shaken Baby Syndrome

2025· article· en· W7127141766 on OpenAlexaff
Christopher Dunham, Carolyn Maxwell, Kathryn Bernardo, Farshaad Bilimoria

Bibliographic record

VenueAmerican Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicChild Abuse and Related Trauma
Canadian institutionsAbbotsford Veterinary ClinicBritish Columbia Institute of TechnologyBC Children's Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPathognomonicAutopsyEtiologySubdural hemorrhagePoison controlHead traumaShaken baby syndromeHead injuryNeurological examinationPhysical examination

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This previously healthy 6-month-old boy presented with sudden collapse under the care of his mother while feeding. Despite immediate resuscitation, the infant suffered a prolonged period of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Upon admission to the hospital, a CT head scan revealed a large, mixed-density left frontal subdural hemorrhage causing significant mass effect, as well as features of global hypoxic-ischemic injury. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral retinal hemorrhages that were "too numerous to count." Since the articulated clinical history was not deemed to account for the boy's condition, a diagnosis of "abusive head trauma" was suspected, and the parents were removed from the custody of the boy's living twin. Prognosis was considered poor, resulting in care being withdrawn. The infant succumbed 2 days following presentation. Autopsy revealed a large, ruptured, left frontal meningeal arteriovenous fistula. In contrast to the fundoscopic impression, autopsy examination revealed only mild retinal hemorrhage limited to the posterior poles of the globes, suggesting an etiology attributable to raised intracranial pressure. Upon issuance of the autopsy report, the parents regained custody of the second twin. This case adds to the extensive literature arguing against the contention that the so-called "triad" (ie, subdural hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, and encephalopathy) is pathognomonic for shaken baby syndrome.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Case report · Consensus signal: Case report
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.006

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.002
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0030.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.254 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designCase report
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueAmerican Journal of Forensic Medicine & PathologySame topicChild Abuse and Related TraumaFrench-language works237,207