Development of a Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery System Based on the Thermodynamic Rankine Cycle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a waste heat recovery system for the exhaust gases of a KAMAZ diesel engine, based on an organic Rankine cycle utilizing R11 refrigerant. Using similarity theory and the parameters of a prototype turbine, the flow passages of an axisymmetric Laval nozzle, a rotor wheel, and a diffuser unit of an axial impulse turbine were designed in the Kompas-3D software environment. A mathematical model was constructed and validated in the STAR-CCM+ software, followed by simulations of supersonic compressible gas flow and heat transfer within the designed turbine, using the finite volume method. The calculated theoretical mechanical output power was 4.906 kW with an efficiency of 49.1%. Compared to the prototype, the proposed recovery system demonstrates greater safety for mobile applications due to the non-flammability of the working fluid and operating pressures that are four times lower. Furthermore, the turbine's shaft rotational speed is five times lower, which significantly simplifies the design of the bearing assembly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".