Choice of Livelihood Strategies of Coastal Fishermen in Pulau Pangkor, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A sustainable livelihood framework is useful as a basis for analysing the livelihood of a community. This study explores the choices in livelihood strategies made by Pulau Pangkor coastal fishermen. The qualitative research method was employed and open-ended interview questions were utilized as guided questions. A total of 15 interviews were carried out to reach saturation level in understanding the coastal fishermen’s considerations before making any decision on choice of livelihood strategies. Creswell data analysis spiral was adopted in analysing the data collected. The majority of respondents seem to agree that (1) income generated is often insufficient, (2) they would fall back on savings or cut down on expenses when income is lower than expenses, (3) they attempted to rely mostly on subsidies, (4) they have a short-term plan instead of a long-term plan in dealing with extra income generation, (5) they switched from working for others to operating their own sampan, (6) they do not have any other sources of income; neither do they have unused resources to generate extra income, (7) they are satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their current livelihood situation, and (8) they believe that their livelihood status will worsen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".