From Corbelled to Onion-Shaped: The Morphological Development of Domes in the Islamic Architecture of North India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses the morphological analysis of domes in Islamic architecture of North India and investigates its stylistic development. With eight selected case studies from the early Islamic to late Mughal period in North India, from two capital cities of Muslim rule, the authors analyze the typology of domes on the basis of their geometry. With the help of direct observation, documentation and visual materials of representative monuments, the shapes of domes have been recognized. Photographs of domes were taken with great care to avoid perspective illusions. Later they were traced using AutoCAD software. The results illustrate five categories of domes from eight representative imperial monuments in North India: viz. the single-shell corbelled dome, the shallow dome, the three-centered dome, the double-shell bulbous dome and the double-shell onion-shaped dome. It further suggests future research for sub-classifying of domes by including sub-imperial buildings. This study fills the gap in the literature available pertaining to domes in Islamic architecture of India in regard to their morphologies and styles. It will also be useful for contemporary designers in order to better understand well-proportioned medieval Indian domes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".