Illegal Migration from the Sahel Countries to Europe: Tamanrasset is an Algerian City with Sahelian Characteristics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Illegal African migration is one of the most important movements of population across Algeria towards Europe. The border areas in southern Algeria are the main inlets from which these movements come via conduits from the Sahel and West Africa. Recently, border control posts have identified Asian elements using the African migration network to enter Algeria. These population flows have made the city of Tamanrasset a regional capital with a special social pattern because of the intermingling in that cityscape of African cultures and peoples. This is characterized by rapid demographic growth due to the accumulation of illegal migrants over time. In this paper we seek to highlight the factors driving African trans-Saharan migration and the routes taken by migrants bound for North Africa and subsequently on to Europe. In addition, we discuss certain international policies that endeavor to find a solution for such migration and the problems it generates, also within Algeria, to deal with the situation. Finally, we investigate the case of the city of Tamanrasset, which is one of the most important transit centers for migrants in the far south of Algeria who are heading to the northern regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".