Influence of the Mughal Architectural Style on Malaysian Mosques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mosque is a place where Muslims gather five times a day to perform their prayers. Besides being a place of worship, the mosque has been used as a multifunctional space throughout the history of Islam in the Muslim world. The spread of Islam, from Medina in the Arabian Peninsula to various regions, raised the demand for a number of places for worship. Due to different climatic and cultural conditions, local materials and indigenous architecture of different places, numerous styles of mosque architecture were evolved. Wherever Islam reached, the earliest responses to the style of mosques were indigenous. With the passage of time, the mosque architectural forms had been influenced by the changes in socio-cultural and political conditions. In Malaysia, due to British colonial influence and the migration of Muslims from India, many Mughal architectural elements in the design of mosques were incorporated. Proceeding from an analysis of Mughal architectural elements in North India, this paper investigates the influence of Mughal architecture on three Malaysian mosques of the British colonial period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".