A research guide to international tax: an Australian perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International tax in Australia has largely been the poor cousin to Australian domestic taxation issues. This has changed recently, first, with the review of Australia's international tax arrangements and second with the enactment of the following Acts: New International Tax Arrangements Act 2004 (Cth). New International Tax Arrangements (Participation Exemption and Other Measures) Act 2004 (Cth). New International Tax Arrangements (Managed Funds and Other Measures) Act 2005 (Cth). New International Tax Arrangements (Foreign-Owned Branches and Other Measures) Act 2005 (Cth). In the light of these changes, it is timely to consider how one might go about researching international tax materials, using traditional library resources, as well as online resources, including the Internet. Some of the sources used in the compilation of this guide include the online catalogues of Curtin University of Technology, the University of New South Wales, the University of Sydney, the International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation, and York University, Canada. Most of the publications listed here were published in the past fifteen years. 9(1): 82-118.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".