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A Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Collaborative Projects on Critical Thinking Skills among Architecture Students

2025· article· W7128961136 on OpenAlexaff
Umer Mahboob Malika, Sana Younas, Rimsha Imran, Humaira Kanwal, Zulfiqar Ali Tariqe

Bibliographic record

VenueACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicProblem and Project Based Learning
Canadian institutionsKeyano College
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCritical thinkingCurriculumArchitectureControl (management)Empirical researchCollaborative learningActive learning (machine learning)Analytical skillFace (sociological concept)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This research paper proposes the effect of collaborative projects on acquisition of critical thinking skills by architecture students in the form of a quantitative, cause and effect research design. Against this background, collaborative learning has been strongly encouraged in the face of the growing interest in problem-solving, creativity, and reflective thinking in architectural education. Nonetheless, there is not much empirical data on its effectiveness in terms of its measurement in architecture programs. A pre-test/ post-test control group study was conducted to fill this gap to access 120 undergraduate architecture students in three South Asian universities. Experimental group engaged in team-based design projects which were organized and the control group had projects of the same nature but were done individually. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal was used to evaluate the abilities of critical thinking at the beginning and the end of the semester. Findings revealed that students who participated in team learning were much improved in terms of their critical thinking scores than those who learned on their own (p < 0.01). The results indicate that collaborative project-based learning is not just effective in improving design competence, but also in the development of very crucial cognitive skills that are important in future architectural practice. The research indicates the importance of the introduction of collaborative pedagogies in the architectural school curricula and offers evidence-supported suggestions to curriculum developers, educators, and academic policy makers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.024
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.117
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.024
Threshold uncertainty score0.129

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0240.117
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.002
Bibliometrics0.0030.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.449
Teacher spread0.433 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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