Assessing the Abundance of Basking Sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) in Atlantic Canadian Waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Atlantic Canadian population of basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) is designated Special Concern by COSEWIC. Little is known about their population size or life history, though they are considered to have long life histories and be inherently unproductive. Estimating population size from aerial surveys gave mean abundances ranging from 3,600 to 7,146 in 2007 and from 13,544 to 27,682 in 2016, depending on assumptions. The estimated median intrinsic rate of population increase was 0.0197, and potential population growth became negative if historical bycatch was accounted for. These population growth rates cannot account for the increase in abundance predicted from aerial survey data. Substantial migration into Canadian waters and/or a much more productive life history would be needed in conjunction. These results highlight the need for continued monitoring, potential improvement in methods to estimate abundance, and the development of non-lethal sampling for determining life history parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".