Microwave Frequency Comb Generation Based on an Optoelectronic Oscillator Integrating a Coupled Optoelectronic Up-Conversion Recirculating Loop
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel scheme for the generation of a wideband microwave frequency comb (MFC) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The MFC generator is built based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) as the core signal source, with the wideband MFC generated by integrating a coupled recirculating frequency up-conversion (FUC) loop. This unique architecture enables efficient multiplication of the frequency of the OEO signal, producing a stable and wideband MFC. The FUC loop, incorporating a microwave mixer, operates by iteratively up-converting and recycling the OEO signal, thereby extending the bandwidth of the MFC. In addition, by tuning the center frequency of a bandpass filter (BPF) in the OEO loop, the comb spacing can be tuned. The proposed scheme is experimentally evaluated. A wideband MFC with up to 16 comb lines from 2.12 to 34.23 GHz is generated. By tuning the BPF, tunable comb spacing at 2.12, 2.5, and 3.0 GHz is also demonstrated. Thanks to the high phase coherence between the comb lines, a pulse train with a repetition period that is reciprocal to the comb spacing of the MFC is generated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".