Overlooked Peacekeeping Strategy of the Early Eastern Han: Insights from the Monument of Mount Yanran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Eastern Han regime (25–220 CE) was one of the most powerful states in the ancient world. At its height, it controlled territories stretching from present-day Korea and Mongolia in the north to Vietnam in the south, and reaching as far west as Central Asia. Despite its strength, the military power of the Eastern Han has often been overlooked, as the state traditionally emphasized civil bureaucracy, guided by Confucian principles. However, in 2017, a Mongolian research team discovered an ancient monument within its territory; the inscription was later confirmed to be “Proclamation Plaque at Mount Yanran”, as described in the Hou Hanshu (History of the Later Han). This discovery sheds light on the underappreciated military capabilities of the regime. Through the examination of General Dou Xian (?–92 CE) – the key contributor to the monument – and his influential family, this paper argues that the Eastern Han regime relied heavily on military families to safeguard its borders. This study offers a preliminary analysis, more on a conceptual level, of the zenith of Eastern Han military prowess, a topic that has historically been underemphasized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".