The geotechnical aspects of the London Bridge Station redevelopment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The London Bridge Station Redevelopment comprises a complete reconstruction of the rail station to improve the capacity and number of through trains in central London. The works are being carried out while the station remains in operation. This paper gives a summary of the ground conditions encountered and describes the design approach for new piles required for the new station. Where possible the existing foundations were re-used and this paper describes the assessment method of these foundations in order to allow safe adoption. A large number of the new piled foundations were installed from within the existing brick arches, with limited headroom and very close to some of the existing 178 year old shallow foundations. The paper describes the approach to the controls necessary for this operation to ensure continued safe use of the station. The demolition of part of the existing station and re-loading with the new foundations affected existing facilities such as water mains and the LUL Jubilee Line. A detailed assessment of the heave and settlement resulting from these operations and the resulting impact on the third party assets was carried out using a 3D finite element programme and a summary of this work is given in the paper.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".