Battery-Free Ultra-Low Power Sensor Node with Simultaneous RF Power Harvesting and Information Transmission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wireless sensor nodes are often constrained by limited power budgets, making it challenging to achieve simultaneous data transmission and reception under low-power conditions. This paper presents a battery-less ultra-low-power sensor node capable of simultaneous RF energy harvesting and information transmission without any microcontroller. The proposed design utilizes a rectifier to harvest RF energy and power the system. An envelope detector demodulates incoming amplitude-modulated signals to extract the baseband data, which is then combined with temperature information of the proposed sensor node to control the low-power voltage-controlled oscillator output. This approach enables concurrent data reception, signal forwarding, and environmental temperature sensing and transmission. The system can operate at an input power level as low as −20 dBm, and support dual-frequency output facilitating communication with nearby nodes and long-range terminals. The proposed architecture offers a promising solution for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks requiring simultaneous sensing and communication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".