Bibliographic record
Abstract
With its area of 9.4 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles), Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, yet it has a population of only 23.6 million. The average density of 2.5 persons per square kilometer is about one-tenth the density of the United States of America, which has approximately the same area. But this comparison is misleading. Because of climate and terrain, much of Canada is not suitable for urban development or industrial activity. Yet Canada is highly urbanized, in that three-quarters of its population live in cities and towns situated along a corridor bordering the U.S.A. and comprising only about 1 percent of the nation’s land area. Two-thirds of the urban population cluster in twelve large cities and six metropolitan areas. If the recent high rate of urbanization continues (4 percent a year), 90 percent of the population will be urbanized by the year 2000, and 75 percent will be concentrated in twelve cities which, incidentally, can grow only at the expense of some of Canada’s best agricultural land.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".