Assessing the Relationships Among Protected Areas, Disturbance, and Ecological Integrity on Newfoundland's Coastal Vegetated Dunes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Power, M.A. and Brown, C.D., 2026. Assessing the relationships among protected areas, disturbance, and ecological integrity on Newfoundland's coastal vegetated dunes. Journal of Coastal Research, 42(2), 250–265. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Vegetated sand dune systems are a relatively rare form of coastline on the Island of Newfoundland, but they provide diverse benefits to regional ecology and human landscape use. Despite their importance to coastal biodiversity and inland protection, few vegetated sand dune systems are located within protected areas in Newfoundland. Under little to no protection, many of these dune systems are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., dune trampling and all-terrain vehicle use). Boreal vegetated dunes, such as those in Atlantic Canada, are also subject to extensive natural disturbances that result from storm and precipitation events. Current climate change projections point to an increase in these types of events in Newfoundland, which, combined with the ongoing anthropogenic disturbance regime, may overwhelm the natural rejuvenation processes of dune coastlines. Employing a transect-plot method of data collection and following a protected area approach, this study characterizes the vegetation cover, plant community, and disturbance features on Newfoundland's dune systems. Vegetation cover was sparser in unprotected areas, which were also associated with a greater cover of nonendemic plant species. Regardless of protection status, substrate disturbance was linked with loss of total vegetation cover across the system. This research provides important empirical findings on the relationships among protected areas status, vegetation cover, plant community, and substrate disturbance on Newfoundland's coastal vegetated dunes, highlighting the need for additional land management initiatives to protect these vulnerable landscapes under the combined effects of human visitation and climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".