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Record W7131780411 · doi:10.31031/apdv.2025.10.000729

GGSHELLS: Are they a Waste or a Continuously Produced Natural Resource?

2025· article· W7131780411 on OpenAlexaff
Hamilton RMG

Bibliographic record

VenueApproaches in Poultry Dairy & Veterinary Sciences · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicAnimal Nutrition and Physiology
Canadian institutionsAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsProduction (economics)ReproductionNatural (archaeology)TonneEggshellVolume (thermodynamics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The primary purpose of avian eggs is for the reproduction of the species. They are integrated seamless ellipsoidal chambers that are essentially an external uterus who in the case of the domestic hen (Gallus galllus sp.) have a volume that ranges between 44.0 and 63.2cm3, surface area from 64.2 to 86.1cm2 [1]. However, humans have highjacked the hen’s egg as an inexpensive source of highly nutritious food [2]. As a result, billions of eggs are produced to meet the consumer’s demand; China, United States of America, India, Indonesia, and Brazil account for 66.7% of the annual global production [3]. In terms of eggshell waste, the global production was estimated in 2006 to be about 50,000 tonnes annually

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.015
Threshold uncertainty score0.050

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.003
Scholarly communication0.0050.004
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0150.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.114
GPT teacher head0.295
Teacher spread0.182 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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