Cold spray technology for transportation applications: a process with impact
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cold Spray is an emerging thermal spray technology where powders are accelerated at supersonic velocities onto the surface to be coated, whereupon they consolidate and bond instantly on impact. This manufacturing process can produce few microns to several centimeters’ thick deposits from a variety of materials displaying a wide range of properties. This paper presents several case studies to illustrate how cold spray flexibility can lead to several promising applications within the transportation industry. Firstly, as a coating process, it can enhance performance of light metals. The specific example of a bilayer steel-based coating for the production of lightweight Al brake rotor discs that show unmatched adhesion and thermal cycling resistance with wear and frictional performance equivalent to cast iron will be presented. As an additive manufacturing method, it will be shown that cold spray can build topologically optimized structural reinforcement on large aluminum panels for surface transportation. Finally, as a localized metal addition technique, its capability to add transition layers to allow the welding of dissimilar materials will be demonstrated for the friction stir welding of aluminum and high strength steel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".