Analysis of the wave transformation over a deeply submerged marine structure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Submerged protection structures are frequently used in coastal engineering applications, such as tunnel and pipeline protection works, breakwaters, and artificial reefs. Although significant progress has been achieved in research on low-submergence coastal structures, there is far less research on deeply submerged structures. Moreover, most of the research efforts have been directed towards gently-sloped and uniformly cross-sectioned structures with a specific, fixed crest elevation. The paper presents the results and analysis of a collaborative research project conducted by the University of Ottawa and the Canadian Hydraulics Centre (CHC) which involved large-scale three-dimensional physical modelling project and computer simulations. The main aim of the research was to understand the effect of a three-dimensional submerged structure on local wave conditions, orbital velocities and wave-induced circulation. The numerical simulations were performed using the non-linear Boussinesq wave model named WaveSim, developed at CHC (Nwogu, 1996). Analysis was performed on a multitude of physical and numerical data, including, but not limited to, wave heights, wave periods, wave energy spectra, energy transfer functions, reflection analyses, and wave-induced velocities. It was observed that the submerged structure significantly changed the wave climate and generated substantial modifications to the wave-induced velocities along the structure’s crest. The transfer function analysis showed distinct patterns in energy transfer between the up-wave and down-wave gauges, specifically a significant reduction in energy around the spectral peak frequency and a significant increase in energy at double the spectral peak frequency. The spatial distribution of significant wave height was found to have a distinct pattern, with peaks occurring at approximately every half wavelength. Reflection analysis showed a clear relationship between the amount of reflected energy and the submergence depth of the structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".