A maritime sandbox: implications of the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation on ice-classed ships
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The International Maritime Organization brought into force the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation in January 2023, with the aim to reduce ship emissions by 40% by 2030. The regulation contains specific treatment for ice-classed ships. This study introduces the concept of a maritime sandbox to investigate operational implications of the CII regulation on ice-classed ships. The maritime sandbox is a computer-based simulation tool that incorporates a ship performance model, environmental model, regulatory constraint models, and route optimization algorithms. Optimized routes, speeds, and operational performance estimates are identified for case studies of a bulk carrier transiting the Canadian Arctic. Three different ice-classes are considered: IA Super, IB, and non-ice-class. Results suggest there may be unintended consequences associated with CII correction factors and voyage adjustments for ice-classed ships, such as promoting navigation through ice and higher open water speeds, both of which increase emissions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".