A maritime sandbox: implications of the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation on ice-classed ships
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The International Maritime Organization brought into force the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation in January 2023, with the aim to reduce ship emissions by 40% by 2030. The regulation contains specific treatment for ice-classed ships. This study introduces the concept of a maritime sandbox to investigate operational implications of the CII regulation on ice-classed ships. The maritime sandbox is a computer-based simulation tool that incorporates a ship performance model, environmental model, regulatory constraint models, and route optimization algorithms. Optimized routes, speeds, and operational performance estimates are identified for case studies of a bulk carrier transiting the Canadian Arctic. Three different ice-classes are considered: IA Super, IB, and non-ice-class. Results suggest there may be unintended consequences associated with CII correction factors and voyage adjustments for ice-classed ships, such as promoting navigation through ice and higher open water speeds, both of which increase emissions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".